'Neurosteroid' found to prevent brain injury caused by HIV/AIDS

Jan. 31, 2013 ? A team of scientists from Canada, Thailand and Morocco have found that DHEA-S may prevent neurocognitive impairment that affects a significant percentage of AIDS patients. In a report appearing in the February 2013 issue of The FASEB Journal, they describe how a network of steroid molecules found in the brain, termed "neurosteroids," is disrupted during HIV infection leading to brain damage. This suggests that treatment with one of these steroid molecules, called DHEA-S, may offset the disruption caused by the virus to prevent or reduce brain damage.

"From these studies, we have gained a better understanding of how HIV injures the brain during AIDS, together with developing a new treatment approach for the resulting neurological disabilities arising from HIV/AIDS," said Christopher Power, M.D., co-author of this study from the Department of Medicine at the Medical Research Centre at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada.

To make their discovery, Power and colleagues initially found that neurosteroid enzyme levels were suppressed in the brains of people with HIV/AIDS and that a neurosteroid molecule, DHEA-S, prevented damage to cultured brain cells (neurons) caused by HIV. Then, using an animal model of AIDS, they showed that treatment with DHEA-S prevented neuronal damage in the brain by reducing the adverse effects of HIV. Neurosteroids have already been proposed as treatments for epilepsy, head injury, post-traumatic stress disorder and depression, and these findings extend the potential treatment applications for neurosteroid-related molecules.

"Most people know that AIDS wreaks total havoc on our immune systems," said Gerald Weissmann, M.D., Editor-in-Chief of The FASEB Journal, "but far fewer people know that the disease can also lead to noticeable brain damage. This research study offers an explanation why this occurs as well as a possible solution for preventing it. The next steps, of course, involve looking into whether or not people will benefit from some form of DHEA-S treatment."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, via EurekAlert!, a service of AAAS.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

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Journal Reference:

1. F. G. Maingat, M. J. Polyak, A. M. Paul, P. Vivithanaporn, F. Noorbakhsh, S. Ahboucha, G. B. Baker, K. Pearson, C. Power. Neurosteroid-mediated regulation of brain innate immunity in HIV/AIDS: DHEA-S suppresses neurovirulence. The FASEB Journal, 2012; 27 (2): 725 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-215079

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/m6bfv39ea-I/130131085956.htm

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Menendez: reimbursed donor $58.5K for 2 trips

FILE - In this Jan. 28, 2013 file photo, Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J. speaks on Capitol Hill in Washington. Menendez's office says he traveled on a plane owned by a Florida physician who is a friend and political donor, but denied that the senator had engaged with prostitutes in the Dominican Republic. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

FILE - In this Jan. 28, 2013 file photo, Sen. Robert Menendez, D-N.J. speaks on Capitol Hill in Washington. Menendez's office says he traveled on a plane owned by a Florida physician who is a friend and political donor, but denied that the senator had engaged with prostitutes in the Dominican Republic. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite, File)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Sen. Robert Menendez's office said Wednesday night that he reimbursed a prominent Florida political donor $58,500 for the full cost of two of three trips Menendez took on the donor's plane to the Dominican Republic in 2010.

There was no public disclosure.

"The senator paid for the two trips out of his personal account and no reporting requirements apply," said Menendez spokeswoman Tricia Enright.

Details of Menendez's trips emerged as his office said unsubstantiated allegations that the senator engaged in sex with prostitutes in the Dominican Republic are false.

The FBI searched the West Palm Beach, Fla., office of the donor ? eye doctor Salomon Melgen ? on Tuesday night and early Wednesday, but it was unclear if the raid was related to Menendez, a New Jersey Democrat.

A third trip by Menendez aboard Melgen's plane ? a campaign fund-raising journey to the donor's residence in the Dominican Republic ? took place in May 2010. That trip was reported to the Federal Election Commission, said Enright.

Menendez categorized the other two trips as personal. The first was from Aug. 6-9, 2010, a round trip from South Florida to the Dominican Republic. The second personal trip was from Sept. 3-6, 2010, from New Jersey to the Dominican Republic and back.

Menendez could have invoked what is known as a "friendship exemption" regarding the two personal trips, which would have required the senator to report the travel to the Senate Ethics Committee as a gift. Instead, Menendez chose to reimburse the full cost of the two trips.

The Daily Caller, a conservative website, reported shortly before the November election that Menendez traveled on Melgen's private plane to the Dominican Republic to engage in sex with prostitutes.

Menendez's office said that any accusations of engaging with prostitutes "are manufactured by a politically motivated right-wing blog and are false."

At FBI headquarters in Washington, spokesman Jason Pack said the bureau "cannot comment on the existence or status of an investigation." Justice Department spokeswoman Tracy Schmaler also declined to comment.

On Tuesday, Menendez became chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, succeeding Sen. John Kerry, D-Mass.

Records filed in Palm Beach County show an Internal Revenue Service lien against Melgen of more than $11.1 million for unpaid taxes from 2006 through 2009. Prior liens for taxes from 1998 to 2002 were subsequently withdrawn, records show.

Earlier Wednesday, Menendez's office said Melgen has been a friend and political supporter of the senator for many years and that the three trips that Menendez took have been "paid for and reported appropriately." Menendez's office later changed the statement's wording to specify that the trips had been "paid for or reported appropriately" to correct the impression that all three trips had been publicly reported.

Melgen is involved in numerous businesses, all sharing the same address in West Palm Beach, according to records filed with the Department of State in Florida.

Late Tuesday and early Wednesday, FBI agents were seen inside the West Palm Beach building, walking its halls and standing beside shelves full of files.

The Daily Caller began publishing stories on its website about Menendez and Melgen on Nov. 1, when it reported that two women from the Dominican Republic said Menendez paid them for sex earlier in 2012. Prostitution is legal in the Caribbean nation.

Melgen is listed as having an ownership interest in DRM Med Assist, which Federal Aviation Administration records show is the owner of a CL-600 Challenger plane. Flight records for the aircraft were not immediately available.

Melgen, a registered Democrat, has made $193,350 in political contributions since 1998, including $14,200 to Menendez, according to Federal Election Commission records. Menendez was chairman of the Senate Democratic Campaign Committee, which raises money for Democratic Senate candidates, from 2009-2011.

Menendez, a lawyer, is a former mayor of Union City, N.J., and also served in the New Jersey state General Assembly and the New Jersey state Senate. He is divorced and has two children.

Melgen, 58, is a native of the Dominican Republic, where he earned his medical degree from the Universidad Nacional Pedro Henr?quez Ure?a in 1978. He has lived in the U.S. since at least 1980, holding an internship, residency and fellowship at hospitals in Connecticut, Missouri and Massachusetts, according to records filed with the Florida Department of Health.

Melgen has been licensed to practice in Florida since 1986 and purchased the West Palm Beach plot of land where he built his main office in 1991. Over the years, Melgen has become regarded as a top ophthalmologist, speaking at conferences and even operating on then-Gov. Lawton Chiles in 1997. The governor later appointed Melgen to a state panel on HMOs.

Calls to Melgen's offices Wednesday were forwarded to an answering service where receptionists told callers to try back Thursday. Calls to Melgen's home in North Palm Beach, which is appraised at $2.1 million, went unanswered.

On the website for his medical practice, Melgen writes: "I am always asked what sets me apart from most other doctors, and I would have to say that I do not consider myself to be a 'cookbook' physician. My patients are my number one priority, and when I am looking to treat a diagnosis I try to look at all the data at hand and extrapolate the best treatment instead of solely adhering to what the current 'standard' of treatment may be."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-01-30-Menendez/id-cdbb6f6cfdcc4a27b8c0d52f47133929

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Egypt could 'collapse,' army chief warns

A state of emergency is imposed on three cities in Egypt as a top military official warns the country is on the brink of collapse following days of anti-government protests. NBCNews.com's Dara Brown reports.

By Tom Perry, Yasmine Saleh and Yusri Mohamed, Reuters

The struggle between political forces in Egypt could ?lead to the collapse of the state,? the country?s army chief said Tuesday.

In a posting to the army?s Facebook page, General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi said political and economic issues now represented a ?real threat? to security.

"The continuation of the struggle of the different political forces ... over the management of state affairs could lead to the collapse of the state," General Abdel Fattah al-Sisi said.

He added that the army would remain "the solid and the cohesive block" on which "the foundation of the state rests."

Al-Sisi, who is also defense minister, also said that the army had been deployed in cities along the Suez Canal primarily to protect the key global trade link.

Islamist President Mohammed Morsi has imposed emergency rule in an attempt to end days of clashes that have left at least 52 people dead.

But Egyptian protesters defied an overnight curfew in restive towns along the Suez Canal, attacking police stations.

/

On the second anniversary of the uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak, huge crowds take to the streets in five cities.

At least two men died Monday night or early Tuesday in fighting in the canal city of Port Said, the latest unrest in a wave of violence unleashed last week on the eve of the anniversary of the 2011 revolt that brought down autocrat Hosni Mubarak.

Cairo sky lit by flames
Political opponents spurned a call by Morsi for talks on Monday to try to end the violence. Instead, huge crowds of protesters took to the streets in Cairo and Alexandria, and in the three Suez Canal cities - Port Said, Ismailia and Suez - where Morsi imposed emergency rule and a curfew on Sunday.

"Down, down with Mohammed Morsi! Down, down with the state of emergency!" crowds shouted in Ismailia. In Cairo, flames lit up the night sky as protesters set vehicles ablaze.

The demonstrators accuse Mubarak's successor Morsi of betraying the two-year-old revolution. Morsi and his supporters accuse the protesters of seeking to overthrow Egypt's first ever democratically elected leader by undemocratic means.

Debris from days of unrest was strewn on the streets around Cairo's Tahrir Square, cauldron of the anti-Mubarak uprising.

Youths clambered over a burned-out police van. But unlike on previous mornings in the past few days, there was no early sign of renewed clashes with police.

In Port Said, men attacked police stations after dark. A security source said some police and troops were injured. A medical source said two men were killed and 12 injured in the clashes, including 10 with gunshot wounds.

"The people want to bring down the regime," crowds chanted in Alexandria. "Leave means go, and don't say no!"

Voters backed Islamists
Since Mubarak was toppled, Islamists have won two referendums, two parliamentary elections and a presidential vote.

But that legitimacy has been challenged by an opposition that accuses Morsi of imposing a new form of authoritarianism, and punctuated by repeated waves of unrest that have prevented a return to stability in the most populous Arab state.

Ed Giles / Getty Images

Protesters stand by a vehicle of the Central Security Forces that had been stolen then set alight during clashes near Tahrir Square in Cairo on Monday.

The political unrest in the Suez Canal cities has been exacerbated by street violence linked to death penalties imposed on soccer supporters convicted of involvement in stadium rioting in Port Said a year ago, which lead to the deaths of 74 people.

The president announced the emergency measures on television on Sunday. "The protection of the nation is the responsibility of everyone. We will confront any threat to its security with force and firmness within the remit of the law," Morsi said.

His demeanor infuriated his opponents, not least when he wagged a finger at the camera.

Some activists said Morsi's measures to try to impose control on the turbulent streets could backfire.

"Martial law, state of emergency and army arrests of civilians are not a solution to the crisis," said Ahmed Maher of the April 6 movement that helped galvanize the 2011 uprising. "All this will do is further provoke the youth. The solution has to be a political one that addresses the roots of the problem."

Related:

?Thousands attend funerals in Port Said as Egypt's stability teeters

Analysis: Egyptians fear decades of Brotherhood rule

PhotoBlog:?Baton-wielding police threaten protesters as Egypt's stability teeters?

Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters. Click for restrictions.

Source: http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/01/29/16749232-egypt-could-collapse-army-chief-warns-as-violence-continues?lite

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Egypt opposition wants dialogue to end violence

Egyptian protesters clash with riot police near Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013. Intense fighting for days around central Tahrir Square engulfed two landmark hotels and forced the U.S. Embassy to suspend public services on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)

Egyptian protesters clash with riot police near Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt, Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013. Intense fighting for days around central Tahrir Square engulfed two landmark hotels and forced the U.S. Embassy to suspend public services on Tuesday. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)

FILE - In this Sunday, Jan. 27, 2013 file photo, smoke rises after Egyptian protesters clash with police, unseen, in Port Said, Egypt. Thousands of mourners chanting for the downfall of Egypt's president marched in funerals again Tuesday in the restive city of Port Said as the army chief warned the state could collapse if the latest political crisis drags on. (AP Photo, File)

FILE - In this Saturday, Feb. 27, 2010 file photo, Former U.N. nuclear chief Mohamed El Baradei talks during an interview with the Associated Press at his house in the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt. Baradei has called for a broad national dialogue with the Islamist government, all political factions and the powerful military after the latest eruption of political violence left 60 dead over the past week. (AP Photo/Nasser Nasser, File)

FILE - In this Monday, Aug. 13, 2012 file photo, Egyptian Minister of Defense, Lt. Gen. Abdel-Fattah el-Sissi, left, meets with Egyptian President Mohammed Morsi in Cairo, Egypt. Thousands of mourners chanting for the downfall of Egypt's president marched in funerals again Tuesday in the restive city of Port Said as the army chief warned the state could collapse if the latest political crisis drags on. (AP Photo/Egyptian Presidency, File)

Egyptian riot police fire tear gas at protesters, not seen, during clashes in front of the Semiramis Intercontinental hotel, background near Tahrir Square, Cairo, Egypt,Tuesday, Jan. 29, 2013. Since Saturday, the Nile-side Semiramis Intercontinental has been on the front line of clashes between riot police and angry youths, with both sides throwing stones at each other along the city?s famed Corniche promenade while tear gas wafted several stories up inside the building. (AP Photo/Khalil Hamra)

CAIRO (AP) ? Egypt's liberal opposition leader called for a broad national dialogue with the Islamist government, all political factions and the powerful military on Wednesday, aimed at stopping the country's eruption of political violence that has left more than 60 dead the past week.

Nobel Peace Prize winner Mohamed ElBaradei's appeal appeared to be aimed at responding to a sharp warning by the head of the armed forces a day earlier that Egypt could collapse unless the country's feuding political factions reconcile.

Two more protesters were killed Wednesday when they were hit with birdshot during clashes with police near Cairo's Tahrir Square, a security official said, speaking on condition of anonymity because he was not authorized to talk to the press.

So far the opposition National Salvation Front headed by ElBaradei and the government of President Mohammed Morsi have been at loggerheads, with the front demanding Morsi make major concessions as a condition for any dialogue. Morsi has ignored their demands, holding his own "national dialogue" program, mainly with his own Islamist allies.

Meanwhile, violence has spiraled after first erupting in Cairo on eve of last Friday's second anniversary of the uprising that toppled authoritarian president Hosni Mubarak. It since spread around the country, with the worst violence in the Suez Canal city of Port Said, which has virtually declared itself in revolt against Morsi's government.

In response, Morsi declared a 30-day state of emergency and night curfew in Port Said and two other Canal cities, Suez and Ismailiya, and their surrounding provinces. But every night since it went into effect, tens of thousands of residents in the city have defied the curfew with nighttime rallies and marches, chanting against Morsi and the Musllim Brotherhood, which forms the backbone of his rule.

In a Tweet, ElBaradei called for an immediate meeting between Morsi, the defense and interior ministers, the Brotherhood's political party, the National Salvation Front and parties of the ultraconservative Salafi movement "to take urgent steps to stop the violence and start a serious dialogue."

He said stopping the violence is the priority, but stuck by the front's previous conditions for holding a dialogue ? that Morsi form a national unity government and form a commission to amend contentious articles of the Islamist-backed constitution.

There was no immediate response from the presidency or the Muslim Brotherhood on ElBaradei's new call. Morsi was on a brief visit to Germany and was expected back in Egypt later Wednesdsay.

Over the past week, Morsi ignored ElBaradei's demands, and the Brotherhood said they don't accept conditions for talks.

The Front has depicted the unrest as a backlash against Islamists' insistence on monopolizing power and as evidence that the Brotherhood and its allies are unable to manage the country on their own.

Morsi has been holding his own national dialogue program for more than a month, touting it as a chance for non-Islamists to make their voice heard in decision-making. But almost all opposition groups have shunned it as mere window dressing.

Officials in the presidency and the Brotherhood have blamed the opposition for instigating the violence, accusing them of trying to bring down Morsi, Egypt's first freely elected president.

Late Tuesday, Morsi authorized governors of the three provinces to either cancel or limit curfew hours in an attempt to assuage public anger. Suez Governor Gen. Samer Aglan said that he will ease up the curfew while deploying more troops to the streets after midnight.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-01-30-Egypt/id-0521cf2c17184a9987f3bf1dd2c19fb7

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Peace offer made amid northeast Nigeria violence

MAIDUGURI, Nigeria (AP) ? A self-proclaimed commander of the radical Islamist sect Boko Haram said Monday that a cease-fire by the group would be imminent in northern Nigeria, though violence continued unstopped in a region where similar peace claims never materialized.

A man who identified himself as Sheikh Mohammed Abdulaziz spoke to journalists Monday in Maiduguri, where Boko Haram got its start and attacks blamed on the group continued that day. Abdulaziz described himself as a second-in-command to sect leader Abubakar Shekau and said there would be a cease-fire as the local government had promised to release some sect members.

Abdulaziz said he and his men met twice before with Borno state government officials and also agreed that "government security agencies can go ahead to arrest whoever they find carrying arms or killing under our names."

"We resolved that we should bring this crisis to an end," Abdulaziz said in the Hausa language of Nigeria's predominantly Muslim north. "We therefore called on all those that identify themselves with us and our course, to from today lay down their arms."

Abdulaziz spoke for 10 minutes before journalists Monday and refused to be photographed or filmed. Borno state spokesman Isa Gusau, later speaking with journalists, never said whether Abdulaziz conducted any talks with government officials. Gusau only said that the government had been "exploring different ways to establish some means of negotiation."

As the announcement was made, word emerged of an alleged Boko Haram attack in the village of Gajiganna in Borno state that left eight people dead. A local resident, who spoke on condition of anonymity out of fear of angering the sect, said he saw the corpses Sunday and that some had been beheaded. A military spokesman later said he'd heard of the attack, but declined to immediately offer any casualty figures.

That caution, as well as the continuing violence, raised questions about the cease-fire offer by Abdulaziz. In November, a man with a similar voice as Abdulaziz told journalists in a telephone conference call that Boko Haram was willing to enter into peace talks if they were held in Saudi Arabia and involved former military ruler Muhammadu Buhari. However, Buhari refused to take part and no such talks took place as attacks continued.

While Abdulaziz declined to directly answer journalists' questions Monday about whether he was the same man, his voice sounded similar.

Boko Haram, whose name means "Western education is sacrilege," has been attacking government buildings and security forces heavily over the last year and a half. In 2012, the group was blamed for killing at least 792 people, according to an Associated Press count, despite Nigeria's weak central government sending more police officers and soldiers into the north.

The violence caused by Boko Haram, and the heavy handed response by Nigerian security forces, has drawn increasing international scrutiny. A Human Rights Watch report in October accused Nigerian security forces and Boko Haram of likely committing crimes against humanity in their fighting. An Amnesty International report released Thursday made a similar claim and alleged that the Nigerian government is illegally holding hundreds of people suspected of participation in Boko Haram violence in inhumane conditions and without access to lawyers.

___

Associated Press writer Jon Gambrell in Lagos, Nigeria, contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/peace-offer-made-amid-northeast-nigeria-violence-165035803.html

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Detroit edges closer to bankruptcy filing

10 hrs.

Nick Carey, Bernie Woodall and Karen Pierog , Reuters

DETROIT - At the Detroit Auto Show earlier this month, luxury was in the air. Pricey new Bentleys and Maseratis glittered - including a Maserati 2014 Quattroporte with a $132,000 price tag; U.S. Cabinet Secretaries and dignitaries rubbed shoulders; and many of the well-heeled attendees ponied up for a $300-a-ticket black-tie charity ball.

But in a city that is slowly dying, the glitz didn't extend much beyond the Cobo Center exhibition hall.?General Motors Co. and Chrysler, which along with Ford Motor Co. gave the Motor City its identity, survived near-death experiences after filing for bankruptcy during the financial crisis.?

Now, Detroit itself is edging closer to a similar precipice, only unlike the automakers, its chances of getting a federal bailout are almost nonexistent.

The story of Detroit's decline is decades old: Its tax revenue and population have shrunk and labor costs have remained out of whack. But the city's budget problems have deepened to such an extent that it could run out of cash in a matter of weeks or months and ultimately be forced into what would be the largest-ever Chapter 9 municipal bankruptcy filing in the United States.

Frustrated by the lack of concrete progress, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder, a Republican, last month appointed a team to scour the city's books. The audit could result in a state takeover of Detroit's finances through the appointment of an emergency financial manager. Such a manager, who would seize control of the city's checkbook, could then propose federal bankruptcy court as the best option.

Snyder, who has called the situation "a crisis in terms of financial affairs," said the team would deliver its report in February.

"Detroit is teetering on the verge of bankruptcy after the City Council has failed to make the necessary cuts to deal with having a smaller population," said Rick Jones, chairman of the Republican majority caucus in the state Senate.

Jones, who has indicated he does not favor a bankruptcy, said he would like to see an emergency manager installed to fix the city's problems. If that failed, there would be a case for finding a way to shrink the Detroit municipal area, he argued.

Detroit's population is now just over 700,000 - down 30 percent since 1990 - but the city still has to provide services to an area encompassing more land than San Francisco, Boston and the borough of Manhattan.

While Democratic Mayor Dave Bing and the Detroit City Council have moved to reduce spending and initiate some reforms to stave off a takeover, including layoffs and wage and benefit cuts, the progress may not be enough for Michigan officials and lawmakers.

Streets without lights
In the booming post-Second World War era, Detroit was America's fifth-largest city. Today, it ranks 18th. In addition to a sharp population decline, it suffers from high unemployment related to a loss of businesses, a flood of home foreclosures and a cut in state funding. That has led to shriveling revenue, leaving the city unable to afford a workforce of more than 10,000 and the surging health and pension costs that go with them and with its retirees. As a result, credit ratings on Detroit's approximately $8.2 billion of outstanding debt have sunk deeper into junk territory.

The city's labor costs, including health care and pensions, are shrinking in absolute terms but rising as a share of the budget. They are slated to drop to $968 million, or nearly 49.5 percent of the operating budget, in the fiscal year ending June 30 versus $1.14 billion, or 45.5 percent, a year earlier.

Signs of decline are everywhere - in a rising crime rate, streets without lights and block after block of abandoned buildings. The murder rate of one per 1,719 people last year was more than 11 times the rate in New York City. The jobless rate is above 18 percent, more than twice rate for the country as a whole.

A bankruptcy would be messy.

The interests of creditors would likely collide with those of labor unions wanting to protect workers' benefits, said Eric Scorsone, a Michigan State University economist who has written papers on municipal bankruptcy and on the state's emergency manager laws.

"It is going to require the players - the City Council, the mayor, the state - to be on the same page. If you go into bankruptcy with a lot of conflict and dissent, it's going to cost more," said Scorsone.

It could also be racially explosive. Detroit has the largest percentage of black people of any U.S. city, with 83 percent of the population identifying themselves as African American, black or Negro, according to the 2010 U.S. census. Most of Michigan's state government, including the governor's office, is run by white Republicans. ?

Detroit Council Member JoAnn Watson, who along with two other members of the city's all-black City Council has been resisting reform measures, said she is still hopeful of a federal bailout or an injection of state money that she claims the city is owed.

Mayor Bing would not comment for this story.

Consequences
The automakers have little to say publicly about the crisis. Most of their operations in Michigan are now outside Detroit, and getting any top executive to even discuss the possibility of a city bankruptcy was almost impossible at the auto show. "I don't want to get into the politics," said GM CEO Dan Akerson, while Chrysler CEO Sergio Marchionne said: "I don't see what the consequences would be for us."

One of the city's biggest challenges is its complex set of labor agreements with a whopping 48 bargaining units that represent most of the city's workforce.

Max Newman, a bankruptcy attorney at Michigan-based Butzel Long, said a Chapter 9 bankruptcy could help the city throw out its collective bargaining agreements with unions.

Costs would have to be tackled since Detroit cannot just jack up taxes to reduce the cumulative budget deficit, which grew to $326.6 million in fiscal 2012 from $196.6 million in fiscal 2011. The state would likely resist tax increases, and they might only make matters worse anyway. "If taxes go up any further it would exacerbate the flight out of the city," Newman said.

But for some of those who have seen Detroit struggle for years, bankruptcy is starting to look like the least awful option - even though it will be painful.

"I think...off and on, that it wouldn't be a bad idea," said former Ford chief financial officer Allan Gilmour, now the president of Detroit's Wayne State University. "Let's clean this out once and for all."

Additional reporting by Deepa Seetharaman and Paul Lienert in Detroit.

Copyright 2013 Thomson Reuters.

Source: http://www.nbcnews.com/business/stuck-reverse-detroit-edges-closer-bankruptcy-1C8149698

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Moderate Yoga (Level 2) | McLean Sports & Recreation and Classes ...

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Produce a long list of goals before you decide to actually start off your search for a web hosting services. Know what your needs and preferences happen to be in progress, so that you can evaluate which web host will satisfy all those details. This can help you come to a decision based on a lot of elements, including price and quality of services, instead of just relying upon an affordable business.

A web host typically posseses an on-line community forum you must go through it. When you see a lot of website owners publishing make an effort to, what this means is the number can be a dependable business with pleased customers. If their online community is mostly vacant, or you can find no replies from staff members to consumers, this is simply not the hold you want to use.

Find a web host who delivers a cpanel. A cPanel is pretty easy to use and will make it straightforward that you should include well-known programs on the website. These software tend to be really user-friendly and consumer-pleasant to setup. It also can make your website?s control considerably more productive.

As you can see, web hosting organizations each and every their very own very own pair of benefits and features. Utilize the tips previously mentioned, to assist know what to consider, and which functions are most critical for your personal website. Price comparisons makes it easier to find the service provider that can very best provide what you need, and at a cost that is certainly within your budget. The correct web host can considerably lessen the tension of preserving your very own site.

Source: http://dwiminneapolis.com/business/citrix-wonderful-website-hosting-recommendations-t/

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Study shows potential of differentiated iPS cells in cell therapy without immune rejection

Study shows potential of differentiated iPS cells in cell therapy without immune rejection

Monday, January 28, 2013

A new study from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) shows that tissues derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells in an experimental model were not rejected when transplanted back into genetically identical recipients. The study, published online in Cell Stem Cell, demonstrates the potential of utilizing iPS cells to develop cell types that could offer treatment for a wide range of conditions, including diabetes, liver and lung diseases, without the barrier of immune rejection.

Ashleigh Boyd, DPhil, and Neil Rodrigues, DPhil, the study's senior authors, are assistant professors of dermatology at BUSM and researchers at the Center for Regenerative Medicine (CReM) at Boston University and Boston Medical Center (BMC). They also are lead investigators at the National Institutes of Health's Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) at Roger Williams Medical Center, a clinical and research affiliate of BUSM.

iPS cells can be developed from adult cell types, such as skin or blood, by returning them to a stem cell state using genetic manipulation. iPS cells are capable of maturing (differentiating) into all the specific cell types in the body, making them a powerful tool for biological research and a source of tissues for transplantation based therapies. Given that iPS cells can be made in a patient-specific manner, there should be great potential for them to be transplanted back into the same patient without rejection. Yet a study published in Nature in 2011 demonstrated that iPS cells transplanted in the stem cell state were rejected in genetically identical recipients.

"The Nature study provocatively suggested that tissues derived from patient-specific iPS cells may be immunogenic after transplantation. However, it never directly assessed the immunogenicity of the therapeutically relevant cell types that could be utilized in regenerative medicine and transplantation," said Rodrigues.

The BUSM researchers evaluated this matter by taking adult cells from an experimental model and deriving iPS cells from them. They then differentiated the iPS cells into three cell types: neuronal (nerve); hepatocytes (liver); and endothelial (blood vessel lining) cells. These three cell types represent each of the three germ layers present during embryonic development ? mesoderm, ectoderm and endoderm. Cells from these layers differentiate and ultimately develop into the body's tissue and organ systems. Using experiments to mirror the potential clinical use of patient-specific iPS cells in cell therapy, the team transplanted each of the differentiated cells into a genetically identical experimental model and found no signs of an elevated immune response or indications of rejection.

The study results suggest that using patient-specific iPS cells should overcome issues of immune rejection in transplantation, which will be a significant problem for potential embryonic stem cell-derived therapies. Immune rejection in transplantation is treated clinically by immunosuppressive drugs but they can have serious side-effects, including the risk of developing cancer.

"If the use of immunosuppressive drugs can be avoided, as may be the case for patient-specific iPS cell based therapies, it would be preferable. Our results are very promising and future work should be directed at assessing whether tissues derived from human iPS cells will similarly lack immunogenicity," said Boyd.

###

Boston University Medical Center: http://www.bmc.org

Thanks to Boston University Medical Center for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

This press release has been viewed 39 time(s).

Source: http://www.labspaces.net/126481/Study_shows_potential_of_differentiated_iPS_cells_in_cell_therapy_without_immune_rejection

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Heidi Montag & Spencer Pratt: Just Pretending to Be Jackasses to Win Celebrity Big Brother?

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/01/heidi-montag-and-spencer-pratt-just-pretending-to-be-jackasses-t/

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Jenelle Evans Bans Courtland Rogers From Hospital Post-Miscarriage

Source: http://www.thehollywoodgossip.com/2013/01/jenelle-evans-bans-courtland-rogers-from-hospital-post-miscarria/

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New video format, H.265, to ease Internet bandwidth burden

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has approved a new video coding standard known affectionately as H.265, and informally as High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), that will ?considerably ease the burden? on global networks.

H.265 is set to succeed the current global video compression standard H.264, whose adoption rate has grown rapidly since the release of the original iPad. In three years, H.264, delivered using HTML5?s native video capabilities, has soared from less the 10% adoption to now accounting for over 80% of all web video.

It?s estimated that streaming video accounts for more than half of all bandwidth usage on the Internet, with the likes of Hulu, Netflix and YouTube the biggest offenders.

H.265, the successor of the current standard, promises to ?considerably ease? Internet bandwidth burden as it needs only half the bitrate of H.264. This will enable streaming of high-definition video content over low-bandwidth connections, like mobile networks and bandwidth-constrained networks in developing countries. H.265 could also deliver super high-definition video, or 4K streaming, over 20-30 Mbps minimum broadband connections.

As ITU describe it, H.265 will ?unleash a new phase of innovation in video production spanning the whole ICT spectrum, from mobile devices through to Ultra-High Definition TV?.

H.265 won?t see immediate adoption though. TechCrunch report that we could see the first software-based encoders capable of playing H.265 video by the end of 2013. However, for H.265 to become widely adopted it must be embedded into device chips and hardware (like smartphones). Summer 2014 is when we?ll most likely see the first of such devices come to market.

Source: http://sociable.co/technology/new-video-format-h-265-to-ease-internet-bandwidth-burden/

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Ten Afghan police officers killed in suicide bombing

KUNDUZ, Afghanistan (Reuters) - Ten police officers, including the local counter-terrorism chief, were killed in a suicide bombing in northern Afghanistan on Saturday.

Shortly after 5 p.m. (1230 GMT) a man driving a motorbike detonated a large bomb at a busy roundabout in the north city of Kunduz near a group of police officers, provincial police chief spokesman Sayed Sarwar Hussaini said.

"As a result of a suicide attack 10 policemen were killed, including the head of the traffic department and the head of the counter-terrorism office," said Hussaini.

Four civilians and five other police officers were wounded in the bombing, he said.

No-one has claimed responsibility for the attack but militants, including the Taliban, are active in the area.

The attack came a day after a suicide bomber in a car killed at least five civilians and wounded 15 others when he attacked a NATO convoy in the north eastern province of Kapisa.

Responsibility for that attack was claimed by the Taliban via spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid.

Taliban militants have been waging an 11-year war against Afghan President Hamid Karzai and a U.S.-led NATO force.

(Reporting by Mirwais Harooni and Mohammad Qasim Nori; Writing by Dylan Welch; Editing by Louise Ireland)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ten-afghan-police-officers-killed-suicide-bombing-170405473.html

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Mercosur to unblock talks, EU trade chief sees U.S. negotiations

SANTIAGO (Reuters) - The European Union and the South American bloc Mercosur will exchange offers on opening up their markets by the end of this year, the EU's trade chief said on Saturday as both sides try to unblock long-stalled free-trade negotiations.

"A tremendous effort has been made to install new momentum into the discussions," EU Trade Commissioner Karel De Gucht told Reuters in an interview.

De Gucht, who handles trade issues for the 27 nations of the European Union, also signaled he expected Europe and the United States to go ahead with talks on a possible free-trade accord.

(Reporting by Robin Emmott; editing by Helen Popper)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mercosur-unblock-talks-eu-trade-chief-sees-u-225140705--finance.html

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Weekly Personal Finance Blog RoundUp ? 1/25/2013 | Debt RoundUp

Jan
25
2013

Happy Friday, fellow debt wranglers! ?I don?t know about you, but it has been a long week this week. ?I have been sleeping?sporadically (if you have a child, you know what I am talking about) and it is starting to affect my thought processes. ?I am usually one that people come to in order to solve problems at work. ?This is a job that I love, but lately, I feel that I have been slipping. ?Something that should take me a few moments to figure out is now taking me hours. ?I know that it is just due to the extreme lack of sleep, but it irritates me. ? On top of that, my wife told me today that she read in a couple of books that babies go through a crazy crying spell when they are about 6 weeks old. ?My son is turning one month old this Sunday, so I hope this is just not true. ?I don?t think I can take anymore crying!

On other news, Debt RoundUp is doing well. ?Traffic has remained steady with small, but incremental increases in traffic. ?I have been a little slow getting things done this week and I want to apologize to anyone that has asked me for something. ?I plan on catching up this weekend, but who knows.

My regular readers may have noticed that we have a new advertiser. ?Innovative Debt Solutions is a debt consolidation company that helps out many people with getting their debt under control. ?If you know someone in debt or in debt yourself, they offer free quotes for your consolidation. ?You can get to their site either from the link above or by using their banner in the sidebar. ?Let them know that Debt Roundup sent you!

Website of the Week

Frugal Rules

John over at Frugal Rules has done a fantastic job with his blog in such a short amount of time. ?If you have gone to any of the personal finance blogs on my blog list, then you have probably seen either a guest post from John or a great/insightful comment. ?This man is extremely active in the personal finance community and he continues to provide extremely useful information. ?If you have not checked out Frugal Rules, then I would highly recommend it.

?

Giveaways

There are still some days left to win some serious cash. ?I am co-hosting two giveaways that are giving you cash just for entering to win. ?You just have to follow some great bloggers on twitter or facebook. ?Is there an easier way to win $1000? or $100? ?I don?t think so!

$1000 Cash Giveaway

$100 Cash Giveaway

Search Term of the Week

This week?s term is actually money related, so that is nice. ?I have actually had a hard time finding crazy terms the past two weeks. ?My search terms are getting very targeted, so that is a good thing.

?where did the money go? ? If you have to ask Google where your money went, then you seriously need to create a budget. ?Stop searching Google and go open a spreadsheet. ?Seriously?..

Weekly Top 12

There were a good amount of comments and emails about my Top 12 list last week. ?Many of you enjoyed it and thought it was much better than listing a ton of articles to read. ?I think I am going to keep this format from week to week. ?I hope you enjoy and make sure to take some time to visit and read of these great articles. These people put a lot of time and effort into writing quality stuff. ?These are in no particular order.

I realize that I added an extra, but Jana from Daily Money Shot?s post made me think of a few times when people laughed at my dreams. ?What gives people the right to laugh at your dreams? ?They are yours, right?

I hope everyone enjoyed this week?s roundup and have a fantastic weekend. ?I will see you back here next week.

Related Posts

About the Author: Grayson

I am an average Joe, who built up over $50,000 worth of credit card debt and had to learn how to break it back down. It took 4 years of learning budgets, secrets, and many other personal finance tricks in order to cut the debt to $0. Now, I push to teach others the tips and tricks in order to live a debt free lifestyle. There are many ways to get out of debt, but the first step is to stop spending more than you make. Once you create a budget, it will be time to get frugal. Feeling Social? Connect with me on Facebook, Google+, and Twitter.

Source: http://www.debtroundup.com/weekly-personal-finance-blog-roundup-1252013/

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The Mission Continues Welcomes More Than 70 Military Veterans to Los Angeles to Launch New Careers in Service

National Nonprofit to Host First-Ever Los Angeles Orientation Weekend,

Including Volunteer Event at L.A. Dream Center

Los Angeles, CA (PRWEB) January 22, 2013

More than 70 post-9/11 military veterans will begin a new chapter of service to their country this week by leading the Los Angeles community in a service project at The Dream Center. The veterans are gathering in Los Angeles from communities across the United States for Alpha Orientation with The Mission Continues, a national nonprofit dedicated to helping post-9/11 veterans find renewed meaning and purpose in civilian life through six-month service fellowships with local nonprofit organizations in their hometowns.

?The Mission Continues was founded on the belief that veterans? service to their country does not end when they return home,? said Spencer Kympton, president of The Mission Continues. ?Through service ? whether overseas or alongside neighbors in their home towns ? veterans have the potential and the skills to inspire communities and lead a nation.?

Alpha Orientation culminates with a service project on Saturday, January 26. From 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. that day, veterans will work side-by-side with community volunteers from throughout the Los Angeles metro area, to refurbish common areas and serve meals to patrons, helping The Dream Center fulfill its mission of addressing the immediate and long-term needs of homelessness, hunger relief, medical care, and education. The service project will conclude with the veterans taking an official oath of community service during a special post-project ceremony that marks the beginning of their fellowships.

?The Dream Center is about offering second chances and opportunities for many who have met life's tougher challenges head-on" said Pastor Matthew Barnett, Co-Founder, The Dream Center. "The 70 volunteer veterans of The Mission Continues will be doing a tremendous service for The Dream Center that will touch thousands upon thousands in the days and years ahead. They are our heroes. Not just on the battlefields, but for each person in need who will come through our doors."

The Dream Center service event is a central component of The Mission Continues? 2013 Alpha Orientation, the group?s first-ever national orientation event in Los Angeles. Once they leave Los Angeles, the members of Alpha class ?known as Fellows ? will return to their homes across the country to begin service work with local nonprofit organizations. Throughout their service experience, Fellows are able to translate military experiences into civilian skills, gaining valuable work experience and pursuing a defined post-fellowship goal.

Among the members of Alpha class is Los Angeles native and retired U.S. Marine Corps combat veteran Jaime Magallanes. After serving more than 10 years in the Marine Corps including three combat tours to Iraq, Magallanes returned home, looking for a way to continue his service.

Through The Mission Continues, Magallanes will begin volunteering 20 hours a week at The Boys and Girls Club of Southwest County. At the facility, he will leverage his personal and military background to coach and mentor at-risk kids. He hopes to be a role model and to create an environment of safety and positivity for children in the community.

?A lot of these kids have a tough home life, but I want them to be able to trust me, like my Marines trusted me,? Magallanes said. ?I want to be a role model and mentor to help them in their future, but I think they have as much to teach me about being a good father, as I can teach them about leading a purposeful life.?

Media Opportunities:

Film/Photography Opportunities:

The Mission Continues Fellows and volunteers will work together to renovate The Dream Center?s common rooms, build an outdoor recreation area and feed local homeless individuals.

Interview Opportunities:

• ????70 Fellows of The Mission Continues (post-9/11 veterans representing four of the five military branches)
• ????Eric Greitens, founder and CEO of The Mission Continues
• ????Spencer Kympton, president of The Mission Continues

About The Mission Continues

The Mission Continues challenges veterans to serve and inspire in communities across America. Founded by former U.S. Navy SEAL Eric Greitens in 2007 upon his return from deployment to Iraq, The Mission Continues offers post-9/11 veterans six-month community service fellowships with nonprofit organizations in their hometowns. Through service, The Mission Continues has helped more than 500 veterans reconnect to their communities at home, offering a pathway to utilize their tremendous skills and leadership toward one of three ultimate outcomes: pursuit of higher education, securing full-time employment, or continuing in a full-time position of community service. For more information, please visit http://www.missioncontinues.org.

About The Dream Center

Founded in 1994, The Dream Center provides a range of vital services, including rehabilitation programs, transitional shelter for homeless families and victims of human trafficking, mobile hunger relief and medical programs, foster care intervention, and education/job skills training all targeted at rebuilding lives and families. The Dream Center?s long record of success has led to the establishment of more than 100 independent Dream Centers across the United States and around the world. For more information go to http://www.dreamcenter.org

Laura L'Esperance
The Mission Continues
917-375-4930
Email Information

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/mission-continues-welcomes-more-70-military-veterans-los-200034079.html

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'30 Rock': Liz Sees Some Very Familiar Behavior In Her New Twins (VIDEO)

In typical "TGS" fashion, with the show's life on the line, nobody stepped up to help Liz try and save it. And so, she found herself stuck in the studio while Criss was headed to the airport to meet their new twins on the penultimate half-hour of "30 Rock." A mix-up meant the kids were coming earlier than the couple had anticipated.

And so, finally Tracy and Jenna stepped up -- by quitting. In fact, everyone quit the show, so that Liz could do what really mattered. She quickly left them behind, only to sort of find them again once she arrived at the airport.

The twins arrived, and they were both unexpected and familiar. For one thing, they were a little blonde, white girl and a little black boy. For another thing, they exhibited almost identical personalities to Jenna and Tracy.

"Is that a camera? I'm going to need you on my good side," their daughter, Janet, declared.

Then their new son, Terry, held up an animal carrier. "What up, Liz Lemon?" he said. "I will not be able to attend school tomorrow because of an issue with my lizard."

Looks like the end of "TGS" won't mean as much change as Liz might have thought. As for "30 Rock," come back next Thursday for the one-hour series finale at 8 p.m. EST on NBC.

TV Replay scours the vast television landscape to find the most interesting, amusing, and, on a good day, amazing moments, and delivers them right to your browser.

Related on HuffPost:

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Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/25/30-rock-adopting-tracy-jenna-video_n_2548187.html

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Healthcare reform fears unfounded, small business expert says ...

COLORADO - The fears about federal health reform among small business owners are unfounded in many cases, according to a business consultant who spoke Tuesday at a seminar sponsored by the Pueblo Small Business Development Center. Tim Gaudette, western outreach manager for Small Business Majority, said the requirement for small businesses to provide insurance coverage won't impact most small businesses nationwide because it applies only to businesses with 50 or more employees. Gaudette said 96 percent of American businesses have fewer employees.

Businesses with more than 50 employees are eligible for varying tax credits to help them recoup the cost of health insurance premiums, which Gaudette said likely will go down after Colorado's health benefits exchange program is up and running late this year.

The tax credits have been available since the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act was passed in 2010, but few businesses have taken advantage of them, Gaudette said, adding that the value of the credits was estimated at $15 billion in 2011.

The credits may be claimed retroactively. They can be claimed yearly on the federal Form 8941, Gaudette said.

He encouraged business owners who can to provide health coverage to employees because it's such a valued part of compensation packages. He predicted that, once individuals and families can buy their own coverage through exchanges, many bright individuals now "stuck" in large corporations might take the leap to open their own businesses.

Small Business Majority is an advocacy group founded and run by small business owners and operating in 20 states. Gaudette is based in Denver.

For links to health insurance tax credit tables and other information, go to www.chieftain.com.

lorettas@chieftain.com ___

Copyright 2013 MedCity News. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://medcitynews.com/2013/01/healthcare-reform-fears-unfounded-small-business-expert-says/

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Internet Marketing Business Success Tips, Tools & Training for a ...

www.trafficvaultsecrets.com Internet marketing, also referred to as web marketing, online marketing, or eMarketing, is the marketing of products or services over the Internet. My recommendation a Internet Marketing FREE Internet Marketing course. Find out how I turned a simple idea into over a million dollar a year business using. Internet Marketing and Search Engine Marketing; Website promotion and internet advertising services, Internet marketing services International marketing web Internet Marketing ? Get your free internet business strategies and internet marketing tips to get your profits soaring. Iv read the #1 best-selling Internet Marketing Course online since 1996 ? for TWELVE ?.. Marketing Your Business On the Internet? for ONLY ! Court?s Internet Marketing School provides you with free, detailed lessons that will help you to learn how to make money online. Internet marketing ? free copy of the 2 hour DVD showing you how they turned and a simple idea into a million dollar a year business! A Leading & Strategic Internet Marketing Company providing Search Engine Optimization, Search Engine Marketing, Link Building, Web Design & PHP Programming. Internet Marketing Software by HubSpot ? Inbound Online Marketing to get more website visitors and leads in search engines SEO, blogs, social media. Internet marketing, search engine marketing and online marketing web site offering businesses the opportunity to enhance their online presence through media. They ?
Video Rating: 4 / 5

Source: http://cordei.com/2013/01/24/internet-marketing-business-success-tips-tools-training-for-a-beginner/

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Sport Outdoor Business | Automotive Repair Guide

All people need to have refreshing activities. There are lots of activities that you can do. You can go to new places when you feel stress with your jobs and activities in the offices. Some other people like to do challenging activities when they feel bad with their routine. What will you do? People will choose to leave their jobs and then feel new experiences. That is why the demand of recreational places increases time to time. It is business opportunity for you. You can develop recreational ad sport outdoor business too. Why you better choose sport outdoor business? Most people do their routine in the indoor. They need something new and they will like to go to outdoor area and then do some activities there. They can ride Atv and they will enjoy it.

You must have some utvs? too in your recreational park. There are some online stores that offer you atv and utv. You better choose the best place to get all things. You can open Bennche.com and then find some types of atvs there. They offer you various types of atvs with various prices too. You can choose one that is suitable with your budget. They guarantee that you will get best quality of atvs. You don?t need to feel bad with the quality again. You must prepare children play ground too. If you want to make all things complete, you must have restaurant or food court so people don?t need to bring foods and drinks from outside places. You can order atv? now via online and you will possible to get lower prices from them. In the site, you can find some new collections of atvs such as bighorn 400, bighorn 500, and gray wolf 500. You need to read the detail information about each product before you buy one.

Source: http://www.ohplibrary.org/sport-outdoor-business.html

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RRSP vs. TFSA: Which is Better? | Redwood Capital

When you are planning investments within your Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) this year, as well as completing any contributions that will help reduce your 2012 tax liability, don?t forget your Tax Free Savings Account (TFSA).

You have until March 1 to add to your 2012 tax-deductible RRSP contribution. The maximum allowable contribution is $22,970 for 2012. So while you are at it, you may want to start your 2013 contributions, which are limited to $23,820. Remember you can carry forward unused RRSP contributions for the years 1991-2012, so your 2012 deduction limit may be more than $22,970.

In the meantime, you?ll want to decide what to contribute to your Tax-Free Savings Account (TFSA). The annual TFSA contribution has risen for the first time this year to $5,500 from $5,000, reflecting an increased rate of inflation. And you can use any accumulated unused contribution room. So, if you have not yet contributed and were 18 years of age or older in 2009 when the accounts began, the total accumulated amount that can be put into one of these accounts is now $25,500.

Contributions to TFSAs are?made with after-tax dollars, so there are no taxes on withdrawals or on capital gains, dividends or interest earned in the account.

Maximize Both Accounts

In the ideal retirement planning situation, you will have both plans and maximize their distinct advantages. You?ll want to talk to your accountant about how much to invest in each of these registered accounts as well as what investments you want to hold in them. It is particularly important to consult with your adviser to develop a realistic plan of action.

The TFSA has proved to be a popular way to save, but there is evidence that people view the vehicle more as a savings account than an investment account. About one in five households have a TFSA, but the investments have been conservative.

Yet the investment choices are broad and include stocks, bonds, mutual funds and higher-yielding short term deposits. In fact, you can generally hold the same qualified investments in a TFSA as in an RRSP, with the exception of non-arm?s length entities, including those where you are a ?specified shareholder? or have an interest of 10 per cent or more together with a non-arm?s length individual.

The Role of Tax Brackets and Withdrawals

The decision on whether to contribute to a TFSA or an RRSP is fundamentally a question of your current income and what you expect to have as income in the future. Here are three possible scenarios to illustrate what happens if you invest in the accounts over 20 years at compounded growth of 4% and annual RRSP contributions of $20,000.

Unchanged Tax Bracket of 40%: You assume you will be in the same bracket in 20 years when you retire. This year the $20,000 contribution would lower your income tax liability by $8,000. If you do not make that contribution, you would have $12,000 ($20,000 current savings minus $8,000 in tax for not getting the deduction) to invest in a TFSA.

After 20 years, the TFSA would be valued at $26,293 and the RRSP would be valued at $43,822. It seems the RRSP is the better choice, but because TFSA withdrawals are not taxed, the end result is equal. If you are still in the 40% bracket when you retire, withdrawals from the RRSP are taxed at that rate. If you withdraw $43,822 from the RRSP you owe $17,528 in taxes. The net amount is equal to growth in the TFSA.

Tax Bracket drops to 20% from 40%: If your tax bracket is 20% when you retire in 20 years, here is what happens. Any withdrawal from your RRSP is subject to 20% tax. Withdrawing $43,822 from your RRSP would mean that the estimated tax would be $8,764 and the net amount of $35,058 would be higher than the TFSAs $26,293 balance. When your income tax rate is higher when you contribute to an RRSP and lower when you make withdrawals, that account is the better option.

Tax Bracket rises to 40% from 20%: In this third scenario, for the current year, the $20,000 contribution would reduce your income tax liability by $4,000. If you don?t contribute to an RRSP, you would have $16,000 ($20,000 current savings minus the $4,000 lost tax deduction for not making the RRSP contribution.

In 20 years, the TFSA would be valued at $35,058 and the RRSP at $43,822. Although the RRSP will be higher, so is your tax bracket. Remember that TFSA withdrawals are not taxable. So now that you are in the 40% tax bracket at retirement your withdrawals from the RRSP will be taxed at that rate. Withdrawing that same $43,822, the estimated tax would be $17,529 and the net amount of $26,293 would be lower than the TFSA amount of $35,058.

Speak to a Redwood Capital Management advisor to determine the best strategy for using each of these savings plans to achieve your financial goals.

Source: http://www.redwoodcapital.ca/rrsp-vs-tfsa-which-is-better/

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